Simplified Global Analysis of Steel Pipe-Racks Subject To Accidental Vapor Cloud Blast Explosions
Keywords:
Pipe-racks, Steel structures, Vapor cloud explosions, refineries, Steel modules, blast analysis.
Abstract
Vapor cloud blast explosions are very common in operating refineries and industrial plants. Limited guidelines are available in industry for design steel modules or pipe-racks subject to blast loading. The paper aims to provide industrial guidelines for practicing engineers and steel fabricators to optimize the design of steel modules and pipe-racks subject to blast loading. Simplified procedure is presented to evaluate global dynamic response of steel pipe-racks and modules that are commonly used in petrochemical plants and refineries. The loading conditions and structural design criteria are first presented. The formation mechanism of vapour cloud explosions is then briefly described. Numerical example is then provided to illustrate the computation procedure. The approximate procedure avoids excessive computational cost required by numerical procedures and can be used in practice to evaluate dynamic response of pipe-rack subject to vapor cloud blast loading.
References
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29] Bedair, O. (2012) “Interaction of Multiple Pipe Penetrations Used In Mining and Petrochemical Facilities”, Journal of Thin-Walled Structures, 52, pp. 158-164
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2] American Society of Civil Engineers, "Minimum Design Loads and other structures" ASCE/SEI 7-10 7, 2010, Virginia, USA.
3] Canadian Standards Association “Limit states design of steel structures.” CAN/CSA-S16-01, 2007, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
4] National Research Council of Canada, “National Building Code”, 2005, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
5] Canadian Standard Association “North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members”, CSA-S136-07, 2007, Mississauga, Ontario.
6] Kumar, V., Kartik, V and Iqbal, M., (2020) “Experimental and numerical investigation of reinforced concrete slabs under blast loading”, Engineering Structures, 206, 110125
7] Lin, S., Yang, B. and Xu, S. (2019) “A new method for progressive collapse analysis of steel frames” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 153, pp. 71-84
8] Li, Y. and Aoude, H. (2020) “Effects of detailing on the blast and post-blast resilience of high-strength steel reinforced concrete (HSS-RC) beams”, Engineering Structures, 219, 110869.
9] Foglar M. and Kovar M. (2013) Conclusions from experimental testing of blast resistance of FRC and RC bridge decks. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 59, 18-28
10] Buchan PA, Chen JF. (2007) Blast resistance of FRP composites and polymer strengthened concrete and masonry structures a state-of-the-art review. Composites: Part B; 38, 509-522
11] Fu F. (2009) Progressive collapse analysis of high-rise building with 3-D finite element modeling method. J Constr Steel Res; 65, 1269–1278.
12] Abaqus user manual (2005), Dassault Systèmes, France.
13] Tsai M, Lin B. Investigation of progressive collapse resistance and inelastic response for an earthquake-resistant RC building subjected to column failure. Eng Struct J 2008;30:3619–3628.
14] Harrison, BF. Blast resistant modular buildings for the petroleum and chemical processing industries. Journal of Hazardous Materials 104 (2003) 31–38
15] Kim J, Kim T. Assessment of progressive collapse-resisting capacity of steel moment frames. J Constr Steel Res 2009;65:169–179.
16] Qiao, A., and Zhang, S. (2010). Advanced CFD modeling on vapour dispersion and vapour cloud explosion. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 23, 843-848.
17] Seible F, Hegemier G, Karbhari VM, Wolfson J, Arnett K, Conway R, Protection of our bridge infrastructure against man-made and natural hazards. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 2008; 4(6):415-429.
18] Silva PF, Lu B. Improving the blast resistance capacity of RC slabs with innovative composite materials. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2007, 38(5-6):523-534.
19] Wu C, Oehlers DJ, Rebentrost M, Leach J, Whittaker AS. Blast testing of ultrahigh performance fiber and FRP-retrofitted concrete slabs. Engineering Structures 2009;31(9):2060-2069.
20] Nam JW, Kim HJ, Kim SB, Yi NH, Kim JH. Numerical evaluation of the retrofit effectiveness for GFRP retrofitted concrete slab subjected to blast pressure. Composite Structures, 2010; 92(5):1212-1222.
21] Johns, R and Clubley, S. “Investigating the scaling of masonry structures in a blast environment”, Engineering Structures, 201, 109727
22] Jayasooriya R, Thambiratnam DP, Perera Nj, Kosse V. (2011) Blast and residual capacity analysis of reinforced concrete framed buildings. Eng Struct; 33(12):3483–3495.
23] SAP 2000 user manual, (2008), Computers and Structures Inc, Berkeley, USA.
24] LS-DYNA user manual (2003), Livermore Software Technology Corporation Ltd, USA.
25] Bedair, O. “Modern Steel Design and Construction Used In Canada's Oil Sands Industry" Journal of Steel Design Construction and Research, 2014, Vol. 7 (1), pp.32-40
26] Bedair, O. " Design Of Mobile Facilities used In Surface Mining Projects " ASCE, Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 2015, Vol 21 (1), 04015007
27] Bedair,O. “Rational Design of Pip-Racks Used For Oil Sands and Petrochemical Facilities", ASCE, Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 2014, Vol. 20 (2), 04014029.
28] Bedair, O. “Relocation of Industrial Facilities Using Self-Propelled Modular Transporters (SPMT's)" Recent Patents on Engineering, 2015, Vol.8, pp. 82-94.
29] Bedair, O. (2012) “Interaction of Multiple Pipe Penetrations Used In Mining and Petrochemical Facilities”, Journal of Thin-Walled Structures, 52, pp. 158-164
30] US Army Corps of Engineers-TM 5-1300 Structures To Resist The Effects Of Accidental Explosions, 1990.
31] ASCE, Design of Blast Resistant Buildings in Petrochemical Facilities” ASCE Petrochemical Committee, Task Committee on Blast Resistant Design, ASCE, New York, 2010.
32] Canadian Standard association CSA S850-12, Design and Assessment of Buildings Subjected to Blast Loads, 2017
33] Process Industry Practices (PIP STC 01018), Blast Resistant Building Design Criteria, 2014.
Published
2020-10-18
How to Cite
Bedair, O. (2020, October 18). Simplified Global Analysis of Steel Pipe-Racks Subject To Accidental Vapor Cloud Blast Explosions. Sustainable Structures and Materials, An International Journal, 3(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26392/SSM.2020.03.02.001
Section
SSMIJ (Regular Issues)
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