Stabilization of Soft Soil by Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant for Engineering Construction
Keywords:
Wastewater, Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, Soil Stabilization, California Bearing Ratio, Unconfined Compressive Strength
Abstract
Effective Management of Municipal Solid Waste cannot be achieved without involving wastewater treatment plants as they generate sludge that must be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner. Therefore, recycling or reusing them are the preferred options for sustainable development. The study presented the use of incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) as a soil stabilizing agent. Oxide compositions were determined by the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). Result showed that ISSA contains Silicon oxide, SiO2 (61.42 %), Aluminum oxide Al2O3 (23.51 %) and Iron oxide, Fe2O3 (4.24 %) in high proportion. Clay soil with low to medium plasticity (CL) from an A-7-6 group was replaced with 0 % 3 %, 5 %, 7 % and 10 % ISSA. Test such as California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), Compaction and Atterberg limit were conducted. Soil obtained lowest OMC and highest MDD values both at 7% ash content. PI dramatically reduced at short extension of curing age from 21 % to 7 % at 10 % ISSA content thereby improving it from category A7 to A2. With 2.25 % at 3 days realized as the maximum value for resistance to loss in strength, durability requirement is satisfied. ISSA effectively raised CBR values of soil from 15.6 % to 19.5 %, 32.6 %, 47.9 % and 46.4 % respectively with 7 % ISSA additive yielding best result. Therefore, the study concludes that 7 % ISSA additive effectively enhance the strength of soft soils.
References
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[2] Koop, S. H. A. & Vanleeween, C. J. The challenges of water waste and environmental challenges in cities. Environmental Development and Sustainability 2016 19, 385-418.
[3] Jagaba, A. H., Abubakar, S., Lawal, I. M., Latiff, A. A. A., Umaru, I. Wastewater Treatment Using Alum, the Combinations of Alum-Ferric Chloride, Alum-Chitosan, Alum-Zeolite and Alum-Moringa Oleifera as Adsorbent and Coagulant. International Journal of Engineering Management 2018, 2, 67-75.
[4] Haider M. O., Roszilah H., Siti R. S. A, Noorhisham T. K. and Mohd R. T. Physical and Mechanical Properties of High-Performance Concrete with Alum Sludge as Partial Cement Replacement, 2013, 105-112.
[5] Harrison, E. Z., Oakes, S. R., Hysell, S. R. M. and Hay, A. Organic chemicals in sewage sludge. Science of the Total Environment 2006, 367, 481-497.
[6] Jagaba, A. H., Latiff, A. A. A., Umaru, I., Abubakar, S., Lawal, I. M. Treatment of palm oil mill effluent by coagulation method using different natural and chemical coagulants: A Review, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 2016, 13, 57-75.
[7] Deng-Fong, L., Huan-Lin, L., Darn-Horng, H., & Chung-Chang, Y. The effects of sludge ash on the strength of soft subgrade soil. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Environmental Engineering 2005, 15, 1-10.
[8] World Health Organization. Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, 2006.
[9] Fytili, D., Zabaniotou, A. Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods – A review. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 2006, 12, 116-140.
[10] Anna Š., Miroslav H., Martin P., Juraj L., Jozef A., Stanislav H. Characterization of soil additive derived from sewage sludge. Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 2016, 12, 141 – 153.
[11] Mathney, J. M. J. A critical review of the U.S. EPA’s risk assessment for the land application of sewage sludge. New Solut. 2011, 21, 43-56.
[12] Donatello, S., Cheeseman, C.R. Recycling and recovery routes for incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA): A review. Waste Manag. 2013, 33, 2328-2340.
[13] Kartini, K., Dahlia L., Dyg, A. M., Siti Q. A. A., Anthony, A. D., Nuraini, T. and Siti R. R. 2015. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
[14] Rabie, J. M. Using o waste water dry and wet sludge ash in concrete mix. Journal of civil and environmental engineering, 2016.
[15] Fauzi, A., Nazmi, W. M., Fauzi, U. J. 2010. Subgrade Stabilization of Kuantan Clay Using Fly Ash and Bottom Ash. The 8th International Conference on Geotechnical and Transportation Engineering Geotropika
[16] Winterkorn, H. F. & Pamukcu, S. 1991. Soil stabilization and grouting, Engineering Hand Book. Fang Hasai, ed. 2nd ed. New York
[17] Huan-lin, L. Da-hung, H. Deng-fong, L. & Cng-kai, L. Cohesive soils stabilized with sewage sludge ash/cement and nano aluminium oxide. International journal of transport science and technology 2012 1, 83-99.
[18] ASTM D4972-13. “Standard Test Method for pH of Soils.” Annual Book of ASTM Standards”. 2013, 04, 08.
[19] BS1377 1990. "Methods of Testing Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes". British Standard Institution, London
[20] BS1924 1990. "Methods of Test for Stabilized Soils". British Standard Institution, London
[21] Chen, M., Blanc, D., Gautier, M., Mehu, J., Gourdon, R. Environmental and technical assessments of the potential utilization of sewage sludge ashes (SSAs) as secondary raw materials in construction. WasteManag.2013,33,1268-1275
[22] Vouk, D., Nakic, D., Stirmer, N. and Cheeseman, C. R. 2016. Use of sewage sludge ash in cementitious materials. Water Research Department, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Kaciceva 26, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
[23] Chin S. C., DOH S. I., Andri K., Wong, Y. K. and Ahmad, S. W. Characterization of Sewage Sludge Ash (SSA) In Cement Mortar. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2016, 11, 2242 – 2247.
[24] Deng-Fong L., Kae-Long L. & Huan-Lin L. A Comparison between Sludge Ash and Fly Ash on the Improvement in Soft Soil. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2007, 57, 59-64.
[25] FMW, 2013 “Highway Manual Part 1: Pavement and Materials Design,” Federal Republic of Nigeria, vol. III.
[26] Oyelami, A. C. and Alimi, S. A. Geotechnical Investigation of Some Failed Sections along Osogbo-Awo Road, Osun-State, Southwestern Nigeria. Ife Journal of Science 2015, 17, 087 – 095.
[27] ASTM D 4318-00. “Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils” 2000, 582-595.
[28] Shafii M. A. and Noh, N. M. Soft Soil Stabilization Using Sewage Sludge Ash. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2018, 13, 8280-8284.
[29] Ochepo, J. and Joseph, V. Effect of Oil Contamination on Lime Stabilized Soil. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 2014, 8, 88-96.
[30] Gbenga M. A. and Idowu O. A. Influence of Sludge Ash on Soil Shear Strength. Journal of Civil Engineering Research 2016, 6, 72-77.
[31] Bello, A. A., Ige, J. A. and Tajudeen, S. Geotechnical Characterization of Lateritic Soils in parts of Ejigbo Local Government Area, Southwestern Nigeria. LAUTECH J. Engr. Technol. 2007, 4, 34 -38.
[32] Adekemi, A. I., Adebisi, A. O., Kareem, M. A. Use of Sludge Ash in Stabilizing Two Tropical Laterite. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 2016;7:8:104-108.
[33] Deng-Fong L., Huan L. L., Darn H. H. and Chien T. C. and Ming D. C. Enhancing Soft Subgrade Soil with a Sewage Sludge Ash/Cement Mixture and Nano-Silicon Dioxide. Environ Earth Sci. 2016, 75, 1-11.
[34] Ali, A. M., Rahman, S. M. S., Faruk, M. O., Bashar, M. A. Determination of Optimum Cement Content for Stabilization of Soft Soil and Durability Analysis of Soil Stabilized with Cement. American Journal of Civil Engineering 2018, 6, 39-4.
[35] Ojuri, O. O. Improvement of strength characteristics of lateritic sub-grade soil with shredded polyethylene waste. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 2016, 20, 660-666.
[36] Salahudeen, A. B., Eberemu, A. O., Osinubi, K. J. Assessment of cement kiln dust-treated expansive soil for the construction of flexible pavements. Geotech. Geol. Eng. 2014.
Published
2019-05-01
How to Cite
Jagaba, A., Shuaibu, A., Umaru, I., Musa, S., Lawal, I., & Abubakar, S. (2019, May 1). Stabilization of Soft Soil by Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant for Engineering Construction. Sustainable Structures and Materials, An International Journal, 2(1), 32-44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26392/SSM.2019.02.01.032
Section
SSMIJ (Regular Issues)
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