Recent Progress in the Use of Capacitive Deionization and Microbial Desalination Cell for Water Treatment - A Critical Review

Abstract

The increasing depletion of water resources is a severe obstacle to the sustainable development. Finding new ways to provide clean water is one of the many collaborative activities that will be obligatory to resolve this worldwide issue. In this regard, among various methods, electrochemical methods have been used for water treatment. For instance, capacitive deionization (CDI) and microbial desalination cells (MDCs) are capable technologies that can overcome the aforementioned issue. In this regard, current study examines recent advancements in MDC and CDI technologies along with the ongoing research in this field. Moreover, it discusses different configurations of these technologies constructed in the past with different materials and methods to present a better understanding of systems’ efficiencies, along with their contribution towards research and development. It further presents the unexplored prospects of MDCs and CDI for future work.