Statistical Evaluation of Compressive Strength in High Performance Concrete (HPC) with Steel Fiber Addition
Keywords:
High performance concrete, steel fiber-reinforced concrete, statistical analysis, compressive strength, probability distribution, P-value.
Abstract
In this study, statistical analysis of High performance concrete (HPC) with steel fiber addition at 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, & 1.50 % was evaluated each with a sample size (N) of 50 using 100 mm side cubes. Normality test and screening was done on the data set, frequency histogram with superimposed normal distribution curve plotted, as well as P-value compared with the significance level. Other parameters investigated were confidence interval and probability plot. It was seen that the data does not follow the normal distribution because the data float around the ideal normal curve, P-value is less than the significance level and Anderson-darling is high. An attempt was made to transform the data set for Goodness of fit using Johnson Transformation, and it was seen that the P-value significantly improved. Overall, an improvement in the mean compressive strength is observed with increase in fiber addition by utilizing large sample size.
References
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[2] Robins, P., Austin, S., and Jones, P. (2002), “Pull-out behaviour of hooked steel fibres”, Materials and Structures, Vol. 35 pp. 434-442.
[3] Afroughsabet, V., Biolzi, L., Ozballaloglu, T. (2016), “High-performance fiber-reinforced concrete: a review”. J.Mater. Sci. 51:6517-6551
[4] Abubakar, A. U. (2018), “Influence of Steel Fiber Addition on Workability & Mechanical Behavior of High Performance Concrete”, PhD Thesis, EMU, North Cyprus.
[5] Mehta, P.K., & Monteiro, P.J.M. (2014), Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials, 4th Ed., Mc Graw-Hill, New York.
[6] Gettu, R., & Shah, S.P. (1994), Fracture Mechanics In High Performance Concretes and Applications. Edited by Shah, S.P. and Ahmad, S.H., Edward-Arnold pp. 161-212. United Kingdom.
[7] Bayramov, F., Tasdemir, C. and Tasdemir M. A. (2004), Optimisation of steel fibre concretes by means of statistical response surface method Cement & Concrete Composites 26(6) 665–675.
[8] Neves, R.D., & Fernandes de Almeida, J.C.O. (2005), “Compressive behavior of steel fibre reinforced concrete”, Structural Concrete, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 1-8.
[9] ACI 544.1R-96: (2001) State-of-the-Art Report on Fiber Reinforced Concrete, American Concrete Institute; Farmington Hills, MI, USA
[10] Afroughsabet, V., & Ozbakkaloglu, T. (2015). “Mechanical and durability properties of high-strength concrete containing steel and polypropylene fibers”, Constr. Build. Mater., 94, 73-82.
[11] Afroughsabet, V., Biolzi, L., & Ozbakkaloglu, T. (2017). “Influence of double hooked-end steel fibers and slag on mechanical and durability properties of high performance recycled aggregate concrete”, Composite Structures, 181, 273-284.
[12] Corinaldesi, V. and Nardinocchi, A. (2016), Influence of types of fibers on the properties of high performance cement-based composites, Construction and Building Materials, 107: 321-331.
[13] Kazemi, M.T., Golsorkhtabar, H., Beygi, M.H.A., & Gholamitabar, M. (2017), “Fracture properties of steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete using work of fracture and size effect methods”, Constr. Build. Mater., 142, 482-489.
[14] Wu, Z., Shi, C., He, W., & Wu, L. (2016). “Efffect of steel fiber content and shape on mechanical properties of ultra high performance concrete”, Constr. Build. Mater., 103, 8-14.
[15] Eren, O., Marar, K. & Celik, T. (1999), “Effects of Steel Fibers on Some Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Fiber-Reinforced Concrete”, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 27 pp. 380-387.
[16] Yoo, D.Y., Lee, J.H., & Yoon, Y.S. (2013). “Effect of fiber content on mechanical and fracture properties of ultra high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites”, Composite Structures, 106, 742-753.
[17] Le Hoang, A., & Fehling, E. (2017). "Influence of steel fiber content and aspect ratio on the uniaxial tensile and compressive behavior of ultra high performance concrete", Contr. Build. Mater., 153, 790-806.
[18] Aydin, E. (2017a) Data for the physical and mechanical properties of staple fibers cement paste composites, Data in Brief, Vol. 14, 307–312.
[19] Aydin, E. (2017b) Staple wire-reinforced high-volume fly-ash cement paste composites, Construction and Building Materials, Volume 153, 30 October, p.393-401.
[20] Traina, L.A. & Mansour, S.A. (1991), “Biaxial Strength and Deformational Behavior of Plain and Steel Fiber Concrete”, ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 88 pp. 354-364.
[21] Abubakar, A.U., Akcaoglu, T. & Marar, K. (2018), “P-value significance level test for high-performance steel fiber concrete (HPSFC)”, Computers and Concrete, 21(5), 485-493.
[22] Nazerigivi, A., Nejati, H.R., Ghazvinran, A., & Najigivi, A. (2017). “Influence of nano-silica on the failure mechanism of concrete specimens”, Computers and Concrete, 19(4), 427-432.
[23] Najigivi, A., Nazerigivi, A., & Nejati, H.R. (2017). “Contribution of steel fiber as reinforcement to the properties of cement-based concrete: A review”, Computers and Concrete, 20(2), 155-164.
[24] Tirkolaei, H. K. and Bilsel, H. (2015). Statistical modeling of environmental factors on microbial urea hydrolysis process for biocement production. Advances in Materials Science Engineering. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/340930.
[25] Mosaberpanah, M. A., and Eren, O. (2016). Statistical flexural toughness modeling of ultra high performance concrete using response surface method. Computers and Concrete, 17(4), 1–12.
[26] ASTM C595 (2017) Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
[27] BS EN 1008 (2002), Mixing water for concrete. Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete, British Standard Institution, BSI London.
[28] ASTM C494 (2017) Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
[29] ASTM C33 (2016) Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA
[30] ASTM C136 (2014) Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA
[31] ASTM C127 (2015) Standard Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA
[32] ASTM C128 (2015) Standard Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA
[33] ASTM C29 (2017) Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
[34] ASTM C117 (2013), Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-µm (No 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
[35] ASTM A820 (2011), Standard Specification for Steel Fibers for Fiber Reinforced Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
[36] BS EN 12390-3: (2009), Testing hardened concrete. Compressive strength of test specimens, British Standard Institution, BSI London.
[37] Minitab 18 (2017), http://www.minitab.com/en-us/
[38] Mansur, M.A., Chin, M.S., & Wee, T.H. (1999). “Stress-strain relationship of high-strength fiber concrete in compression”, ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 11(1), 21-29.
[39] Imam, M., Vandewalle, L. & Mortelmans, F., (1995), “Are current concrete strength tests suitable for high strength concrete?”, Materials & Structures, Vol. 28 pp. 384-391.
[40] Walpole, R.E., Myers, R.H., Myers, S.L. and Ye, K. (2012). Probability & Statistics for Engineers & Scientists. Prentice Hall.
Published
2019-05-01
How to Cite
Abubakar, A. (2019, May 1). Statistical Evaluation of Compressive Strength in High Performance Concrete (HPC) with Steel Fiber Addition. Sustainable Structures and Materials, An International Journal, 2(1), 14-31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26392/SSM.2019.02.01.014
Section
SSMIJ (Regular Issues)
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